Just for fun, or because I was avoiding weeding my back flower beds, I got a free trial of ancestry.com and started to trace my roots. I found the usual suspects, a Bavarian, probably a farmer, the English lake country people who were probably third or fourth sons of some wealthy landowner, lots of people from Ireland, both northern and the bogs of the middle. There was one ancestor who fought in the Revolutionary war and a couple who were drafted by the Union to fight in the civil war. They settled in Pennsylvania, Ohio and Chicago when those places were largely wilderness or trading posts. Then I stumbled across the unexpected.
We have a French connection on my paternal grandmother’s side. I started tapping back and back. They were from Reims and left France in about 1793. Huh. That’s interesting. Wasn’t that about time the Terror was sweeping through the country taking out the nobility, Catholic clergy and the elites? Yes, yes it was.
Reims was especially hard hit by the Terror. It is the city where French kings were coronated. It has one of the most magnificent cathedrals in Europe. And it had a thriving industry in weaving.
I followed up on the trail of the French branch and how they got to America. My many greats grandmother was about 18 when she fled France. Like many emigres who made it out during that time, her family probably wasn’t poor. England opened its doors to them with the aliens act. Many ended up in Londonderry Ireland which also prospered in weaving. She met an Irish man who she married and they landed in the US shortly thereafter. In those days, Pennsylvania was still mostly wilderness. They settled in Fayette county, PA, named after the Marquis de Lafayette.
I did a little more digging for what happened to French emigres who fled the French Revolution. It turns out that they were initially supportive of the revolution. Many of them preferred a constitutional monarchy like the English had instead of the estates system and the remnants of feudalism.
The French emigres included a lot of snooty intellectuals who came to America because… I don’t know, they could? It doesn’t seem like they liked us very much. Apparently, they thought we were, unsophisticated people driven by trade and fascinated by foreigners. They in turn, kept to themselves with the French especially experiencing something like PTSD combined with an intense longing for home. This passage in a diary got my attention by the use of one word that described the Americans they met- mercantile:
The mercantile spirit, so widespread, inevitably breeds selfishness; it isolates the person in its grip, leaving them neither the taste nor the time for society. Consequently, what we call "society" does not exist in this city. (…..) Such is the true state of society in Philadelphia: grand dinners and grand tea parties for arrivals from Europe—English, French, and foreigners of every country, class, and character: philosophers, priests, men of letters, princes, tooth-pullers, wits, and fools alike. (1798, 6: 326)
Yep, we weren’t picky about what they were as long as they were foreign, like exotic birds singing a different song.
That word- mercantile. It sounds like I should know what it means. At first I think of a man who sells dry goods, notions and other things in a general store. I get the feeling of ordinariness tending to his business, probably decent and honest but lacking in social graces.
But it turns out the French were describing an economic system. Here’s the AI generated description:
Mercantilism is an economic system from the 16th to the 18th century where governments tried to make their countries rich and powerful by maximizing exports and minimizing imports. [1, 2, 3]
Key Principles
- Favorable Balance of Trade: Nations tried to sell more goods to other countries than they bought, creating a trade surplus.
- Accumulation of Bullion: Wealth was measured in gold and silver reserves.
- Zero-Sum Game: People believed the world’s total wealth was fixed, meaning one country could only grow rich by making another country poorer.
- Colonial Exploitation: Colonies provided cheap raw materials to the mother country and served as captive markets to buy finished goods. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Historical Context and Impact
- Dominant Powers: Practiced heavily by Western European nations like Britain, France, Spain, and Portugal.
- Government Control: States used high tariffs, trade monopolies (like the British Navigation Acts), and subsidies to protect local industries.
- Conflict: The fierce competition for resources and trade routes often sparked wars and fueled the transatlantic slave trade. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
Decline
I can take the classical liberalism and leave the laissez-faire capitalism, merci beaucoup.
But doesn’t that description sound like Trump economics? Is Venezuela now a “colony” of the US? Is that why Trump wants to control Canada?
I don’t know. Just making connections.
Or maybe my beneficial TDS comes from my condescending and disdainful French ancestors who thought Americans were a bunch of hicks obsessed with accumulating money.
Anyway, it’s time to cancel the subscription. Ancestry had records of my French connections going back to Reims in 1695 and farther back than that. But it wanted a stepped up luxury subscription to comb through the French archives in order for me to see them. AI said I could probably comb those French archives for free.
{{Gallic shrug}}
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